Submarine cables, both for data and power transmission, constitute the hidden backbone of digital and energy interconnectivity. As global infrastructures, they link continents, economies, and political regions, yet their routes, ownership structures, and strategic significance often remain opaque. On October 2, 2025, the critical infrastructure lab and Milan Babić organised a Submarine Cable Workshop at the University of Amsterdam to develop a shared research agenda on submarine cables.
During this one-day event, practitioners and researchers presented their work, shared insights, and openly discussed the challenges of studying submarine cables. Together, we reflected on the availability and accessibility of data and identified possible next steps. This report provides an overview of what was discussed and what we took away from these conversations. In this report, we use the term submarine cables to refer to internet connectivity cables that traverse oceans and lakes.
Building a Shared Research Agenda on Submarine Cables by Fieke Jansen, Niels ten Oever, Dmitry Kuznetsov, Valentina Ochner, & Jane Ruffino. critical infrastructure lab document series CIL#014. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19368835